Files
paperclip/packages/plugins/sandbox-providers/kubernetes/test/unit/lease-lifecycle.test.ts
T
Jannes Stubbemann 05ab45225a feat(plugin-kubernetes): self-hostable Kubernetes sandbox provider (stage 1/3: plugin package) (#5790)
## Thinking Path

> - Paperclip is the open source app people use to manage AI agents for
work
> - Sandbox providers are the seam that lets agent runs execute in
isolated environments; today the only first-party remote provider is
Daytona, a hosted third-party service
> - Self-hosters running Paperclip on their own infrastructure (often
Kubernetes already) have no first-party way to run agent sandboxes on a
cluster they control
> - That gap matters for teams with data-residency, sovereignty, or cost
constraints who cannot or will not send workloads to a hosted sandbox
service
> - This pull request adds a Kubernetes sandbox-provider plugin as a
standalone, workspace-excluded package: it implements every
SandboxProvider hook the Daytona provider does, on infrastructure the
operator owns
> - The benefit is that any Paperclip deployment with a Kubernetes
cluster gets multi-tenant, network-isolated, quota-bounded agent
sandboxes with zero new external dependencies

## Linked Issues or Issue Description

No existing issue. Following the feature template:

- **Problem:** Paperclip's remote sandbox execution requires a hosted
third-party provider. Self-hosters cannot run agent sandboxes on their
own Kubernetes clusters with a first-party provider.
- **Proposed solution:** A `@paperclipai/plugin-kubernetes`
sandbox-provider plugin with two backends: long-lived sandboxes via the
[kubernetes-sigs/agent-sandbox](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/agent-sandbox)
CRD (multi-command exec, adapter-install pattern) and one-shot
`batch/v1` Jobs (stable APIs only, no extra controllers).
- **Alternatives considered:** Driving kubectl from a generic shell
provider (no lifecycle/lease semantics), or requiring a hosted provider
(exactly the constraint this removes).

## What Changed

This is **stage 1 of 3** of a staged contribution (direction agreed with
maintainers): the plugin package alone. Stage 2 (server integration:
lease params, provider registration) and stage 3 (agent runtime images +
CI) are companion PRs that will be cross-linked from a comment here.

- New package `packages/plugins/sandbox-providers/kubernetes`
(workspace-excluded, like the path already carved out in
`pnpm-workspace.yaml`): src, unit + kind integration tests, operator
prerequisite manifests, README, smoke-test guide
- Implements the full SandboxProvider hook surface the Daytona provider
implements: `validateConfig`, `probe`, `acquireLease`, `resumeLease`,
`releaseLease`, `destroyLease`, `realizeWorkspace`, `execute`
- Two backends: `sandbox-cr` (default; long-lived pod via the
agent-sandbox `Sandbox` CR, supports multi-command exec) and `job`
(one-shot `batch/v1` Job; nothing beyond k8s 1.27+ required)
- Per-run adapter resolution: one environment serves mixed harnesses;
the per-run `adapterType` hint is read through a local optional type
extension, so the plugin typechecks and builds against the current
plugin SDK and simply falls back to the environment's configured default
adapter until stage 2 lands
- Exec-env wrapping: the Kubernetes exec API carries no environment, so
commands are wrapped to receive the run's env
- Fast-upload interception for workspace realization, scoped per lease
- Per-tenant isolation: derived namespace per company, RBAC,
ResourceQuota, restricted-PSS pod security (runAsNonRoot, drop ALL,
seccomp RuntimeDefault, no SA token automount)
- Network egress policy in two flavors: native `NetworkPolicy` and
`CiliumNetworkPolicy` (FQDN allowlists)
- Image allowlist with glob matching, registry override, and per-run
image override validation
- Per-run Kubernetes Secrets carrying agent credentials, ownerRef'd to
the Job or Sandbox CR for cascade GC

## Verification

- Standalone build, exactly as the README documents:
  ```bash
  cd packages/plugins/sandbox-providers/kubernetes
  pnpm install --ignore-workspace
  pnpm test        # 147 unit tests, 17 files, all green
  pnpm typecheck   # clean against the in-repo plugin SDK on master
pnpm build # dist/ emitted, manifest + worker entrypoints present
  ```
- A kind-cluster end-to-end integration test is included
(`RUN_K8S_INTEGRATION_TESTS=1 pnpm test
test/integration/end-to-end-run.test.ts`)
- Beyond CI: this provider has been verified in a production
multi-tenant deployment against five harnesses (opencode, pi, codex,
gemini, claude code) with real billed runs

## Risks

- **Zero behavior change for any existing deployment.** The package is
workspace-excluded; nothing in the server imports or loads it until
stage 2's integration lands. No existing code paths are touched.
- The default `sandbox-cr` backend depends on an alpha CRD
(`agents.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1`); the README flags this and the `job`
backend uses only stable APIs as a fallback.
- Risk surface is confined to deployments that explicitly install and
configure the plugin.
- The default runtime images (`ghcr.io/paperclipai/agent-runtime-*`) are
published by the stage 3 companion PR (#7934); until that lands,
deployments must point `runtimeImage` at their own images.

## Model Used

Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context), extended thinking, with tool use (Claude
Code).

## Checklist

- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked
them above
- [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes
#` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant
issue template
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [ ] If this change affects the UI, I have included before/after
screenshots (no UI changes)
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [ ] All Paperclip CI gates are green (pending this push)
- [ ] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-06-10 21:07:00 -07:00

349 lines
11 KiB
TypeScript

import { describe, it, expect, vi } from "vitest";
import {
checkLeaseResumable,
destroyLeaseResources,
isKubeNotFoundError,
} from "../../src/lease-lifecycle.js";
const SANDBOX_GROUP = "agents.x-k8s.io";
const SANDBOX_VERSION = "v1alpha1";
const SANDBOX_PLURAL = "sandboxes";
function notFound(): Error {
return Object.assign(new Error("not found"), { code: 404 });
}
function readySandboxCr(podName?: string): Record<string, unknown> {
return {
metadata: { uid: "uid-1" },
status: {
conditions: [{ type: "Ready", status: "True" }],
...(podName ? { podName } : {}),
},
};
}
describe("isKubeNotFoundError", () => {
it("matches code=404 and statusCode=404", () => {
expect(isKubeNotFoundError({ code: 404 })).toBe(true);
expect(isKubeNotFoundError({ statusCode: 404 })).toBe(true);
});
it("does not match other errors", () => {
expect(isKubeNotFoundError({ code: 500 })).toBe(false);
expect(isKubeNotFoundError(new Error("boom"))).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("checkLeaseResumable (sandbox-cr backend)", () => {
it("resumes a live lease whose Sandbox is Ready and pod is Running", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: {
getNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(readySandboxCr("pc-abc-pod")),
},
core: {
readNamespacedPod: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
metadata: {},
status: { phase: "Running" },
}),
},
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "paperclip-acme",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
readyTimeoutMs: 1_000,
pollMs: 10,
});
expect(result).toEqual({ resumable: true, podName: "pc-abc-pod", phase: "Running" });
expect(clients.core.readNamespacedPod).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
namespace: "paperclip-acme",
name: "pc-abc-pod",
});
});
it("is not resumable when the Sandbox CR is gone (404)", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: { getNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(notFound()) },
core: { readNamespacedPod: vi.fn() },
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
readyTimeoutMs: 1_000,
pollMs: 10,
});
expect(result.resumable).toBe(false);
if (!result.resumable) expect(result.reason).toMatch(/no longer exists/);
});
it("is not resumable when the Sandbox is terminally Failed", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: {
getNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
metadata: { uid: "uid-1" },
status: {
phase: "Failed",
conditions: [
{ type: "Failed", status: "True", reason: "ImagePullFailed", message: "no image" },
],
},
}),
},
core: { readNamespacedPod: vi.fn() },
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
readyTimeoutMs: 1_000,
pollMs: 10,
});
expect(result.resumable).toBe(false);
if (!result.resumable) expect(result.reason).toMatch(/failed/i);
});
it("is not resumable when the Sandbox never reaches Ready within the bounded wait", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: {
getNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
metadata: { uid: "uid-1" },
status: { phase: "Pending" },
}),
},
core: { readNamespacedPod: vi.fn() },
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
readyTimeoutMs: 30,
pollMs: 5,
});
expect(result.resumable).toBe(false);
if (!result.resumable) expect(result.reason).toMatch(/did not reach Ready/);
});
it("is not resumable when the backing pod is gone (404)", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: {
getNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(readySandboxCr("pc-abc-pod")),
},
core: { readNamespacedPod: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(notFound()) },
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
readyTimeoutMs: 1_000,
pollMs: 10,
});
expect(result.resumable).toBe(false);
if (!result.resumable) expect(result.reason).toMatch(/pc-abc-pod no longer exists/);
});
it("is not resumable when the pod is being torn down (deletionTimestamp set)", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: {
getNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(readySandboxCr("pc-abc-pod")),
},
core: {
readNamespacedPod: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
metadata: { deletionTimestamp: "2026-06-10T00:00:00Z" },
status: { phase: "Running" },
}),
},
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
readyTimeoutMs: 1_000,
pollMs: 10,
});
expect(result.resumable).toBe(false);
if (!result.resumable) expect(result.reason).toMatch(/terminating/);
});
it("rethrows unexpected (non-404) pod read errors", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: {
getNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(readySandboxCr("pc-abc-pod")),
},
core: {
readNamespacedPod: vi
.fn()
.mockRejectedValue(Object.assign(new Error("forbidden"), { code: 403 })),
},
};
await expect(
checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
readyTimeoutMs: 1_000,
pollMs: 10,
}),
).rejects.toThrow("forbidden");
});
});
describe("checkLeaseResumable (job backend)", () => {
it("resumes a Running Job lease", async () => {
const clients = {
batch: {
readNamespacedJobStatus: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: { active: 1 } }),
},
core: {
listNamespacedPod: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
items: [{ metadata: { name: "pc-job-pod" }, status: { phase: "Running" } }],
}),
},
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-job",
backend: "job",
});
expect(result).toEqual({ resumable: true, podName: "pc-job-pod", phase: "Running" });
});
it("is not resumable when the Job is gone (404)", async () => {
const clients = {
batch: { readNamespacedJobStatus: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(notFound()) },
core: { listNamespacedPod: vi.fn() },
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-job",
backend: "job",
});
expect(result.resumable).toBe(false);
if (!result.resumable) expect(result.reason).toMatch(/no longer exists/);
});
it("is not resumable when the Job already finished (terminal phase)", async () => {
const clients = {
batch: {
readNamespacedJobStatus: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
status: { succeeded: 1, conditions: [{ type: "Complete", status: "True" }] },
}),
},
core: { listNamespacedPod: vi.fn() },
};
const result = await checkLeaseResumable(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-job",
backend: "job",
});
expect(result.resumable).toBe(false);
if (!result.resumable) expect(result.reason).toMatch(/Succeeded/);
});
});
describe("destroyLeaseResources", () => {
function makeClients() {
return {
custom: { deleteNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) },
batch: { deleteNamespacedJob: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) },
core: {
deleteNamespacedPod: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
deleteNamespacedSecret: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
},
};
}
it("deletes the Sandbox CR, pod, and per-run Secret (sandbox-cr backend)", async () => {
const clients = makeClients();
await destroyLeaseResources(clients as never, {
namespace: "paperclip-acme",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
podName: "pc-abc-pod",
secretName: "pc-abc-env",
});
expect(clients.custom.deleteNamespacedCustomObject).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
group: SANDBOX_GROUP,
version: SANDBOX_VERSION,
namespace: "paperclip-acme",
plural: SANDBOX_PLURAL,
name: "pc-abc",
propagationPolicy: "Foreground",
});
expect(clients.core.deleteNamespacedPod).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
namespace: "paperclip-acme",
name: "pc-abc-pod",
});
expect(clients.core.deleteNamespacedSecret).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
namespace: "paperclip-acme",
name: "pc-abc-env",
});
expect(clients.batch.deleteNamespacedJob).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
});
it("deletes the Job instead of the Sandbox CR (job backend)", async () => {
const clients = makeClients();
await destroyLeaseResources(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-job",
backend: "job",
podName: null,
secretName: "pc-job-env",
});
expect(clients.batch.deleteNamespacedJob).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-job",
propagationPolicy: "Foreground",
});
expect(clients.custom.deleteNamespacedCustomObject).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(clients.core.deleteNamespacedPod).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(clients.core.deleteNamespacedSecret).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-job-env",
});
});
it("is idempotent: every 404 is treated as success", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: { deleteNamespacedCustomObject: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(notFound()) },
batch: { deleteNamespacedJob: vi.fn() },
core: {
deleteNamespacedPod: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(notFound()),
deleteNamespacedSecret: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(notFound()),
},
};
await expect(
destroyLeaseResources(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
podName: "pc-abc-pod",
secretName: "pc-abc-env",
}),
).resolves.toBeUndefined();
expect(clients.core.deleteNamespacedSecret).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
it("rethrows unexpected (non-404) delete errors", async () => {
const clients = {
custom: {
deleteNamespacedCustomObject: vi
.fn()
.mockRejectedValue(Object.assign(new Error("forbidden"), { code: 403 })),
},
batch: { deleteNamespacedJob: vi.fn() },
core: { deleteNamespacedPod: vi.fn(), deleteNamespacedSecret: vi.fn() },
};
await expect(
destroyLeaseResources(clients as never, {
namespace: "ns",
name: "pc-abc",
backend: "sandbox-cr",
podName: null,
secretName: null,
}),
).rejects.toThrow("forbidden");
});
});