Jannes Stubbemann 05ab45225a feat(plugin-kubernetes): self-hostable Kubernetes sandbox provider (stage 1/3: plugin package) (#5790)
## Thinking Path

> - Paperclip is the open source app people use to manage AI agents for
work
> - Sandbox providers are the seam that lets agent runs execute in
isolated environments; today the only first-party remote provider is
Daytona, a hosted third-party service
> - Self-hosters running Paperclip on their own infrastructure (often
Kubernetes already) have no first-party way to run agent sandboxes on a
cluster they control
> - That gap matters for teams with data-residency, sovereignty, or cost
constraints who cannot or will not send workloads to a hosted sandbox
service
> - This pull request adds a Kubernetes sandbox-provider plugin as a
standalone, workspace-excluded package: it implements every
SandboxProvider hook the Daytona provider does, on infrastructure the
operator owns
> - The benefit is that any Paperclip deployment with a Kubernetes
cluster gets multi-tenant, network-isolated, quota-bounded agent
sandboxes with zero new external dependencies

## Linked Issues or Issue Description

No existing issue. Following the feature template:

- **Problem:** Paperclip's remote sandbox execution requires a hosted
third-party provider. Self-hosters cannot run agent sandboxes on their
own Kubernetes clusters with a first-party provider.
- **Proposed solution:** A `@paperclipai/plugin-kubernetes`
sandbox-provider plugin with two backends: long-lived sandboxes via the
[kubernetes-sigs/agent-sandbox](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/agent-sandbox)
CRD (multi-command exec, adapter-install pattern) and one-shot
`batch/v1` Jobs (stable APIs only, no extra controllers).
- **Alternatives considered:** Driving kubectl from a generic shell
provider (no lifecycle/lease semantics), or requiring a hosted provider
(exactly the constraint this removes).

## What Changed

This is **stage 1 of 3** of a staged contribution (direction agreed with
maintainers): the plugin package alone. Stage 2 (server integration:
lease params, provider registration) and stage 3 (agent runtime images +
CI) are companion PRs that will be cross-linked from a comment here.

- New package `packages/plugins/sandbox-providers/kubernetes`
(workspace-excluded, like the path already carved out in
`pnpm-workspace.yaml`): src, unit + kind integration tests, operator
prerequisite manifests, README, smoke-test guide
- Implements the full SandboxProvider hook surface the Daytona provider
implements: `validateConfig`, `probe`, `acquireLease`, `resumeLease`,
`releaseLease`, `destroyLease`, `realizeWorkspace`, `execute`
- Two backends: `sandbox-cr` (default; long-lived pod via the
agent-sandbox `Sandbox` CR, supports multi-command exec) and `job`
(one-shot `batch/v1` Job; nothing beyond k8s 1.27+ required)
- Per-run adapter resolution: one environment serves mixed harnesses;
the per-run `adapterType` hint is read through a local optional type
extension, so the plugin typechecks and builds against the current
plugin SDK and simply falls back to the environment's configured default
adapter until stage 2 lands
- Exec-env wrapping: the Kubernetes exec API carries no environment, so
commands are wrapped to receive the run's env
- Fast-upload interception for workspace realization, scoped per lease
- Per-tenant isolation: derived namespace per company, RBAC,
ResourceQuota, restricted-PSS pod security (runAsNonRoot, drop ALL,
seccomp RuntimeDefault, no SA token automount)
- Network egress policy in two flavors: native `NetworkPolicy` and
`CiliumNetworkPolicy` (FQDN allowlists)
- Image allowlist with glob matching, registry override, and per-run
image override validation
- Per-run Kubernetes Secrets carrying agent credentials, ownerRef'd to
the Job or Sandbox CR for cascade GC

## Verification

- Standalone build, exactly as the README documents:
  ```bash
  cd packages/plugins/sandbox-providers/kubernetes
  pnpm install --ignore-workspace
  pnpm test        # 147 unit tests, 17 files, all green
  pnpm typecheck   # clean against the in-repo plugin SDK on master
pnpm build # dist/ emitted, manifest + worker entrypoints present
  ```
- A kind-cluster end-to-end integration test is included
(`RUN_K8S_INTEGRATION_TESTS=1 pnpm test
test/integration/end-to-end-run.test.ts`)
- Beyond CI: this provider has been verified in a production
multi-tenant deployment against five harnesses (opencode, pi, codex,
gemini, claude code) with real billed runs

## Risks

- **Zero behavior change for any existing deployment.** The package is
workspace-excluded; nothing in the server imports or loads it until
stage 2's integration lands. No existing code paths are touched.
- The default `sandbox-cr` backend depends on an alpha CRD
(`agents.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1`); the README flags this and the `job`
backend uses only stable APIs as a fallback.
- Risk surface is confined to deployments that explicitly install and
configure the plugin.
- The default runtime images (`ghcr.io/paperclipai/agent-runtime-*`) are
published by the stage 3 companion PR (#7934); until that lands,
deployments must point `runtimeImage` at their own images.

## Model Used

Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context), extended thinking, with tool use (Claude
Code).

## Checklist

- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked
them above
- [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes
#` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant
issue template
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [ ] If this change affects the UI, I have included before/after
screenshots (no UI changes)
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [ ] All Paperclip CI gates are green (pending this push)
- [ ] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-06-10 21:07:00 -07:00

Paperclip is the app people use to manage AI agents for work.

Quickstart · Docs · GitHub · Discord · Twitter · Website

MIT License Stars Discord



Paperclip is the app people use to manage AI agents for work.

Open-source orchestration for teams of AI agents.

If OpenClaw is an employee, Paperclip is the company.

Paperclip is a Node.js server and React UI that orchestrates a team of AI agents to run a business. Bring your own agents, assign goals, and track work and costs from one dashboard.

It looks like a task manager. Under the hood: org charts, budgets, governance, goal alignment, and agent coordination.

Manage business goals, not pull requests.

Step Example
01 Define the goal "Build the #1 AI note-taking app to $1M MRR."
02 Hire the team CEO, CTO, engineers, designers, marketers — any bot, any provider.
03 Approve and run Review strategy. Set budgets. Hit go. Monitor from the dashboard.

Works
with
OpenClaw
OpenClaw
Claude
Claude Code
Codex
Codex
Cursor
Cursor
Bash
Bash
HTTP
HTTP

If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired.


Paperclip is right for you if

  • You want to build autonomous AI companies
  • You coordinate many different agents (OpenClaw, Codex, Claude, Cursor) toward a common goal
  • You have 20 simultaneous Claude Code terminals open and lose track of what everyone is doing
  • You want agents running autonomously 24/7, but still want to audit work and chime in when needed
  • You want to monitor costs and enforce budgets
  • You want a process for managing agents that feels like using a task manager
  • You want to manage your autonomous businesses from your phone

Features

🔌 Bring Your Own Agent

Any agent, any runtime, one org chart. If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired.

🎯 Goal Alignment

Every task traces back to the company mission. Agents know what to do and why.

💓 Heartbeats

Agents wake on a schedule, check work, and act. Delegation flows up and down the org chart.

💰 Cost Control

Monthly budgets per agent. When they hit the limit, they stop. No runaway costs.

🏢 Multi-Company

One deployment, many companies. Complete data isolation. One control plane for your portfolio.

🎫 Ticket System

Every conversation traced. Every decision explained. Full tool-call tracing and immutable audit log.

🛡️ Governance

Approve hires, override strategy, pause or terminate any agent — at any time.

📊 Org Chart

Hierarchies, roles, reporting lines. Your agents have a boss, a title, and a job description.

📱 Mobile Ready

Monitor and manage your autonomous businesses from anywhere.

Problems Paperclip solves

Without Paperclip With Paperclip
You have 20 Claude Code tabs open and can't track which one does what. On reboot you lose everything. Tasks are ticket-based, conversations are threaded, sessions persist across reboots.
You manually gather context from several places to remind your bot what you're actually doing. Context flows from the task up through the project and company goals — your agent always knows what to do and why.
Folders of agent configs are disorganized and you're re-inventing task management, communication, and coordination between agents. Paperclip gives you org charts, ticketing, delegation, and governance out of the box — so you run a company, not a pile of scripts.
Runaway loops waste hundreds of dollars of tokens and max your quota before you even know what happened. Cost tracking surfaces token budgets and throttles agents when they're out. Management prioritizes with budgets.
You have recurring jobs (customer support, social, reports) and have to remember to manually kick them off. Heartbeats handle regular work on a schedule. Management supervises.
You have an idea, you have to find your repo, fire up Claude Code, keep a tab open, and babysit it. Add a task in Paperclip. Your coding agent works on it until it's done. Management reviews their work.

Why Paperclip is special

Paperclip handles the hard orchestration details correctly.

Atomic execution. Task checkout and budget enforcement are atomic, so no double-work and no runaway spend.
Persistent agent state. Agents resume the same task context across heartbeats instead of restarting from scratch.
Runtime skill injection. Agents can learn Paperclip workflows and project context at runtime, without retraining.
Governance with rollback. Approval gates are enforced, config changes are revisioned, and bad changes can be rolled back safely.
Goal-aware execution. Tasks carry full goal ancestry so agents consistently see the "why," not just a title.
Portable company templates. Export/import orgs, agents, and skills with secret scrubbing and collision handling.
True multi-company isolation. Every entity is company-scoped, so one deployment can run many companies with separate data and audit trails.

What's Under the Hood

Paperclip is a full control plane, not a wrapper. Before you build any of this yourself, know that it already exists:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                       PAPERCLIP SERVER                       │
│                                                              │
│  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  │
│  │Identity & │  │  Work &   │  │ Heartbeat │  │Governance │  │
│  │  Access   │  │   Tasks   │  │ Execution │  │& Approvals│  │
│  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  │
│                                                              │
│  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  │
│  │ Org Chart │  │Workspaces │  │  Plugins  │  │  Budget   │  │
│  │ & Agents  │  │ & Runtime │  │           │  │ & Costs   │  │
│  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  │
│                                                              │
│  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  │
│  │ Routines  │  │ Secrets & │  │ Activity  │  │  Company  │  │
│  │& Schedules│  │  Storage  │  │ & Events  │  │Portability│  │
│  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
         ▲              ▲              ▲              ▲
   ┌─────┴─────┐  ┌─────┴─────┐  ┌─────┴─────┐  ┌─────┴─────┐
   │  Claude   │  │   Codex   │  │   CLI     │  │ HTTP/web  │
   │   Code    │  │           │  │  agents   │  │   bots    │
   └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘

The Systems

Identity & Access — Two deployment modes (trusted local or authenticated), board users, agent API keys, short-lived run JWTs, company memberships, invite flows, and OpenClaw onboarding. Every mutating request is traced to an actor.

Org Chart & Agents — Agents have roles, titles, reporting lines, permissions, and budgets. Adapter examples match the diagram: Claude Code, Codex, CLI agents such as Cursor/Gemini/bash, HTTP/webhook bots such as OpenClaw, and external adapter plugins. If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired.

Work & Task System — Issues carry company/project/goal/parent links, atomic checkout with execution locks, first-class blocker dependencies, comments, documents, attachments, work products, labels, and inbox state. No double-work, no lost context.

Heartbeat Execution — DB-backed wakeup queue with coalescing, budget checks, workspace resolution, secret injection, skill loading, and adapter invocation. Runs produce structured logs, cost events, session state, and audit trails. Recovery handles orphaned runs automatically.

Workspaces & Runtime — Project workspaces, isolated execution workspaces (git worktrees, operator branches), and runtime services (dev servers, preview URLs). Agents work in the right directory with the right context every time.

Governance & Approvals — Board approval workflows, execution policies with review/approval stages, decision tracking, budget hard-stops, agent pause/resume/terminate, and full audit logging. Nothing ships without your sign-off.

Budget & Cost Control — Token and cost tracking by company, agent, project, goal, issue, provider, and model. Scoped budget policies with warning thresholds and hard stops. Overspend pauses agents and cancels queued work automatically.

Routines & Schedules — Recurring tasks with cron, webhook, and API triggers. Concurrency and catch-up policies. Each routine execution creates a tracked issue and wakes the assigned agent — no manual kick-offs needed.

Plugins — Instance-wide plugin system with out-of-process workers, capability-gated host services, job scheduling, tool exposure, and UI contributions. Extend Paperclip without forking it.

Secrets & Storage — Instance and company secrets, encrypted local storage, provider-backed object storage, attachments, and work products. Sensitive values stay out of prompts unless a scoped run explicitly needs them.

Activity & Events — Mutating actions, heartbeat state changes, cost events, approvals, comments, and work products are recorded as durable activity so operators can audit what happened and why.

Company Portability — Export and import entire organizations — agents, skills, projects, routines, and issues — with secret scrubbing and collision handling. One deployment, many companies, complete data isolation.


What Paperclip is not

Not a chatbot. Agents have jobs, not chat windows.
Not an agent framework. We don't tell you how to build agents. We tell you how to run a company made of them.
Not a workflow builder. No drag-and-drop pipelines. Paperclip models companies — with org charts, goals, budgets, and governance.
Not a prompt manager. Agents bring their own prompts, models, and runtimes. Paperclip manages the organization they work in.
Not a single-agent tool. This is for teams. If you have one agent, you probably don't need Paperclip. If you have twenty — you definitely do.
Not a code review tool. Paperclip orchestrates work, not pull requests. Bring your own review process.

Quickstart

Open source. Self-hosted. No Paperclip account required.

npx paperclipai onboard --yes

That quickstart path now defaults to trusted local loopback mode for the fastest first run. To start in authenticated/private mode instead, choose a bind preset explicitly:

npx paperclipai onboard --yes --bind lan
# or:
npx paperclipai onboard --yes --bind tailnet

If you already have Paperclip configured, rerunning onboard keeps the existing config in place. Use paperclipai configure to edit settings.

Or manually:

git clone https://github.com/paperclipai/paperclip.git
cd paperclip
pnpm install
pnpm dev

This starts the API server at http://localhost:3100. An embedded PostgreSQL database is created automatically — no setup required.

Requirements: Node.js 20+, pnpm 9.15+


FAQ

What does a typical setup look like? Locally, a single Node.js process manages an embedded Postgres and local file storage. For production, point it at your own Postgres and deploy however you like. Configure projects, agents, and goals — the agents take care of the rest.

If you're a solo entrepreneur you can use Tailscale to access Paperclip on the go. Then later you can deploy to e.g. Vercel when you need it.

Can I run multiple companies? Yes. A single deployment can run an unlimited number of companies with complete data isolation.

How is Paperclip different from agents like OpenClaw or Claude Code? Paperclip uses those agents. It orchestrates them into a company — with org charts, budgets, goals, governance, and accountability.

Why should I use Paperclip instead of just pointing my OpenClaw to Asana or Trello? Agent orchestration has subtleties in how you coordinate who has work checked out, how to maintain sessions, monitoring costs, establishing governance - Paperclip does this for you.

(Bring-your-own-ticket-system is on the Roadmap)

Do agents run continuously? By default, agents run on scheduled heartbeats and event-based triggers (task assignment, @-mentions). You can also hook in continuous agents like OpenClaw. You bring your agent and Paperclip coordinates.


Development

pnpm dev              # Full dev (API + UI, watch mode)
pnpm dev:once         # Full dev without file watching
pnpm dev:server       # Server only
pnpm build            # Build all
pnpm typecheck        # Type checking
pnpm test             # Cheap default test run (Vitest only)
pnpm test:watch       # Vitest watch mode
pnpm test:e2e         # Playwright browser suite
pnpm db:generate      # Generate DB migration
pnpm db:migrate       # Apply migrations

pnpm test does not run Playwright. Browser suites stay separate and are typically run only when working on those flows or in CI.

See doc/DEVELOPING.md for the full development guide.


Roadmap

  • Plugin system (e.g. add a knowledge base, custom tracing, queues, etc)
  • Get OpenClaw / claw-style agent employees
  • companies.sh - import and export entire organizations
  • Easy AGENTS.md configurations
  • Skills Manager
  • Scheduled Routines
  • Better Budgeting
  • Agent Reviews and Approvals
  • Multiple Human Users
  • Cloud / Sandbox agents (e.g. Cursor / e2b agents)
  • Artifacts & Work Products
  • Memory / Knowledge
  • Enforced Outcomes
  • MAXIMIZER MODE
  • Deep Planning
  • Work Queues
  • Self-Organization
  • Automatic Organizational Learning
  • CEO Chat
  • Cloud deployments
  • Desktop App

This is the short roadmap preview. See the full roadmap in ROADMAP.md.


Community & Plugins

Find Plugins and more at awesome-paperclip

Telemetry

Paperclip collects anonymous usage telemetry to help us understand how the product is used and improve it. No personal information, issue content, prompts, file paths, or secrets are ever collected. Private repository references are hashed with a per-install salt before being sent.

Telemetry is enabled by default and can be disabled with any of the following:

Method How
Environment variable PAPERCLIP_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1
Standard convention DO_NOT_TRACK=1
CI environments Automatically disabled when CI=true
Config file Set telemetry.enabled: false in your Paperclip config

Contributing

We welcome contributions. See the contributing guide for details.


Community


License

MIT © 2026 Paperclip Labs, Inc

Star History

Star History Chart



Open source under MIT. Built for people who want to get work done, not babysit agents.

S
Description
Mirror of paperclipai/paperclip with ORA-284 prompt-padding fix branch
Readme 44 MiB
Languages
TypeScript 97.7%
JavaScript 1.3%
Shell 0.6%
CSS 0.2%
HTML 0.1%