## Thinking Path
> - Paperclip's `claude_local` adapter persists Claude Code session
jsonls under `~/.claude/projects/…/{sessionId}.jsonl` and resumes them
on the next heartbeat
> - When Claude Code injects `<synthetic>` placeholder assistant
messages (after rate-limit, max-turn exhaustion, or transient-upstream
failures) those placeholders get UUID-format `message.id`s rather than
`msg_…`-format ids
> - On the next `--resume`, Claude Code passes that UUID as
`previous_message_id` and Anthropic's API rejects it with a 400:
``diagnostics.previous_message_id: must be the `id` from a prior
/v1/messages response (starts with `msg_`)``
> - The adapter had a session-rotation fallback only for "unknown
session" errors, so the poisoned session was `--resume`-d indefinitely
and the agent flipped between `idle` and `error` every heartbeat
> - Even worse, the *result* event of the failing run still carried a
`session_id`, and the adapter was persisting that id into the
issue-scoped session store (`agentTaskSessions`). So even after we
detected the 400, every subsequent continuation re-loaded the same
poisoned id and hit the same 400 again — the issue was permanently
stranded
> - We observed this on multiple agents in our deployment; the only
manual fix was to rename the `.jsonl`, which is not a viable long-term
workaround
> - This PR detects the 400, runs the same session-rotation fallback the
unknown-session path uses **and** stops persisting the poisoned id, so
the next attempt starts genuinely fresh
## Linked Issues or Issue Description
No external GitHub issue is linked. Describing the problem inline
following the bug-report template:
**What happened:** `claude_local` agents flipped between `idle` and
`error` on every heartbeat because the persisted session jsonl carried a
synthetic UUID `previous_message_id` (from `<synthetic>` assistant
placeholders injected after rate-limit/max-turn/upstream errors).
Anthropic's API rejected every `--resume` with a 400:
``diagnostics.previous_message_id: must be the `id` from a prior
/v1/messages response (starts with `msg_`)``.
**Expected behavior:** When the persisted session is poisoned and
unrecoverable, the adapter should rotate to a fresh session — the same
fallback path already used for unknown-session errors — and stop
re-persisting the poisoned `session_id`.
**Actual behavior:** The session-rotation fallback only matched the
"unknown session" pattern, so the poisoned session was `--resume`-d
forever. The result event of the failing run still carried `session_id`,
which was being persisted into `agentTaskSessions`, so every subsequent
continuation reloaded the same poisoned id and hit the same 400.
**Reproduction:** Inject any flow that causes Claude Code to emit a
`<synthetic>` placeholder (rate-limit, max-turn exhaustion, transient
upstream failure). The next `--resume` will fail with the 400 and the
agent will not self-recover.
**Scope of fix:** Add a `previous_message_id` 400 detector; route it
through the existing unknown-session fallback; drop the poisoned
`sessionId` and emit `clearSession: true` so the heartbeat service wipes
the persisted row; best-effort delete the local poisoned `.jsonl`.
## What Changed
Two commits:
1. **`adapter-claude-local: auto-rotate session on previous_message_id
400 (synthetic-msg poisoning)`** — detector + execute-time rotation
2. **`adapter-claude-local: guard against persisting poisoned
sessionId`** — validate-before-persist + `clearSession`
Combined diff:
- `parse.ts`: new `isClaudePoisonedPreviousMessageIdError(parsed)`
matching ``/diagnostics\.previous_message_id.*starts with `msg_`/i``
against `parsed.result` and `extractClaudeErrorMessages(parsed)`
- `parse.ts`: `isClaudeTransientUpstreamError()` excludes the new error
from transient classification so it isn't masked as retryable upstream
noise
- `execute.ts`: expand the resume-fallback branch so it triggers on both
`isClaudeUnknownSessionError` and the new
`isClaudePoisonedPreviousMessageIdError`, with a distinct log line
(`"returned a poisoned message-id"` vs `"is unavailable"`)
- `execute.ts`: for local (non-remote) execution targets, best-effort
delete the poisoned `~/.claude/projects/.../{sessionId}.jsonl` before
retrying so the file can't be accidentally resumed by an out-of-band
caller. The `fs.unlink` and follow-up log call are in separate try/catch
blocks so a closed log stream cannot mask a successful unlink (and vice
versa)
- `execute.ts` / `toAdapterResult`: when a result carries the poisoned
400, **drop** `sessionId`/`sessionParams`/`sessionDisplayId` (return
`null`) and emit `clearSession: true` so the heartbeat service's
`resolveNextSessionState` wipes the persisted row. The result also
surfaces `errorCode: "claude_poisoned_previous_message_id"` for
observability
- `docs/adapters/claude-local.md`: runbook entry — symptom,
auto-recovery flow, on-call checklist
- Tests:
- 4 new `parse.test.ts` cases covering positive detection in `result`
and `errors[]`, negative cases, and non-transient classification
- 3 new `claude-local-execute.test.ts` cases: (a) fresh run reports the
poisoned error → sessionId dropped + `clearSession: true`; (b) recovery
retry also reports the poisoned error → same guards apply; (c)
session-rotation success on retry
## Verification
```bash
pnpm --filter @paperclipai/adapter-claude-local exec vitest run src/server/parse.test.ts
pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec vitest run src/__tests__/claude-local-execute.test.ts
```
Both suites green locally. This patch is also currently running as a
hot-patch over the published `2026.513.0` adapter on the reporting
deployment — sessions that previously looped indefinitely now
self-recover on the first heartbeat after the 400 surfaces.
## Risks
- Low risk. The detector is conservative (regex over `result` +
`errors[]` only) and the rotation reuses the existing unknown-session
fallback path
- The local-only `fs.unlink` of the poisoned `.jsonl` is wrapped in
`try/catch` and ignored on failure — strictly an optimization; the
server-side session clear is the authoritative reset
- Remote execution targets (`executionTargetIsRemote`) skip the disk
cleanup because the file lives on a remote host that we can't safely
reach from the adapter
- The `clearSession: true` + nulled session fields path is a no-op on
healthy runs; it only fires when the new detector matches, so existing
successful continuations are unaffected
- No DB schema changes, no public API changes, no new dependencies
## Model Used
- Provider: Anthropic Claude
- Model: `claude-opus-4-7` (Opus 4.7)
- Context window: 1M
- Capabilities: extended reasoning, tool use, code execution
- Role: implemented the detector, expanded the fallback branch, added
the persist-guard + `clearSession`, wrote the unit + integration tests,
validated locally, and applied the equivalent hot-patch to the deployed
`2026.513.0` install while this PR is in review
## Checklist
- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have searched GitHub for similar or duplicate PRs and linked
them — closed #2295, #2361, #3572, #5438 as duplicates of this canonical
fix; complementary fixes #4838 (heartbeat_timer reset) and #4932 (gemini
context-overflow rotation) target different code paths
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [x] If this change affects the UI, I have included before/after
screenshots — N/A, adapter-only change
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation
(`docs/adapters/claude-local.md` runbook entry)
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge
---------
Co-authored-by: Danial Jawaid <danial.jawaid@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Paperclip <noreply@paperclip.ing>
Co-authored-by: Devin Foley <devin@paperclip.ing>
Quickstart · Docs · GitHub · Discord · Twitter · Website
Paperclip is the app people use to manage AI agents for work.
Open-source orchestration for teams of AI agents.
If OpenClaw is an employee, Paperclip is the company.
Paperclip is a Node.js server and React UI that orchestrates a team of AI agents to run a business. Bring your own agents, assign goals, and track work and costs from one dashboard.
It looks like a task manager. Under the hood: org charts, budgets, governance, goal alignment, and agent coordination.
Manage business goals, not pull requests.
| Step | Example | |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | Define the goal | "Build the #1 AI note-taking app to $1M MRR." |
| 02 | Hire the team | CEO, CTO, engineers, designers, marketers — any bot, any provider. |
| 03 | Approve and run | Review strategy. Set budgets. Hit go. Monitor from the dashboard. |
Paperclip is right for you if
- ✅ You want to build autonomous AI companies
- ✅ You coordinate many different agents (OpenClaw, Codex, Claude, Cursor) toward a common goal
- ✅ You have 20 simultaneous Claude Code terminals open and lose track of what everyone is doing
- ✅ You want agents running autonomously 24/7, but still want to audit work and chime in when needed
- ✅ You want to monitor costs and enforce budgets
- ✅ You want a process for managing agents that feels like using a task manager
- ✅ You want to manage your autonomous businesses from your phone
Features
🔌 Bring Your Own AgentAny agent, any runtime, one org chart. If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired. |
🎯 Goal AlignmentEvery task traces back to the company mission. Agents know what to do and why. |
💓 HeartbeatsAgents wake on a schedule, check work, and act. Delegation flows up and down the org chart. |
💰 Cost ControlMonthly budgets per agent. When they hit the limit, they stop. No runaway costs. |
🏢 Multi-CompanyOne deployment, many companies. Complete data isolation. One control plane for your portfolio. |
🎫 Ticket SystemEvery conversation traced. Every decision explained. Full tool-call tracing and immutable audit log. |
🛡️ GovernanceApprove hires, override strategy, pause or terminate any agent — at any time. |
📊 Org ChartHierarchies, roles, reporting lines. Your agents have a boss, a title, and a job description. |
📱 Mobile ReadyMonitor and manage your autonomous businesses from anywhere. |
Problems Paperclip solves
| Without Paperclip | With Paperclip |
|---|---|
| ❌ You have 20 Claude Code tabs open and can't track which one does what. On reboot you lose everything. | ✅ Tasks are ticket-based, conversations are threaded, sessions persist across reboots. |
| ❌ You manually gather context from several places to remind your bot what you're actually doing. | ✅ Context flows from the task up through the project and company goals — your agent always knows what to do and why. |
| ❌ Folders of agent configs are disorganized and you're re-inventing task management, communication, and coordination between agents. | ✅ Paperclip gives you org charts, ticketing, delegation, and governance out of the box — so you run a company, not a pile of scripts. |
| ❌ Runaway loops waste hundreds of dollars of tokens and max your quota before you even know what happened. | ✅ Cost tracking surfaces token budgets and throttles agents when they're out. Management prioritizes with budgets. |
| ❌ You have recurring jobs (customer support, social, reports) and have to remember to manually kick them off. | ✅ Heartbeats handle regular work on a schedule. Management supervises. |
| ❌ You have an idea, you have to find your repo, fire up Claude Code, keep a tab open, and babysit it. | ✅ Add a task in Paperclip. Your coding agent works on it until it's done. Management reviews their work. |
Why Paperclip is special
Paperclip handles the hard orchestration details correctly.
| Atomic execution. | Task checkout and budget enforcement are atomic, so no double-work and no runaway spend. |
| Persistent agent state. | Agents resume the same task context across heartbeats instead of restarting from scratch. |
| Runtime skill injection. | Agents can learn Paperclip workflows and project context at runtime, without retraining. |
| Governance with rollback. | Approval gates are enforced, config changes are revisioned, and bad changes can be rolled back safely. |
| Goal-aware execution. | Tasks carry full goal ancestry so agents consistently see the "why," not just a title. |
| Portable company templates. | Export/import orgs, agents, and skills with secret scrubbing and collision handling. |
| True multi-company isolation. | Every entity is company-scoped, so one deployment can run many companies with separate data and audit trails. |
What's Under the Hood
Paperclip is a full control plane, not a wrapper. Before you build any of this yourself, know that it already exists:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ PAPERCLIP SERVER │
│ │
│ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ │
│ │Identity & │ │ Work & │ │ Heartbeat │ │Governance │ │
│ │ Access │ │ Tasks │ │ Execution │ │& Approvals│ │
│ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ │
│ │ Org Chart │ │Workspaces │ │ Plugins │ │ Budget │ │
│ │ & Agents │ │ & Runtime │ │ │ │ & Costs │ │
│ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ │
│ │ Routines │ │ Secrets & │ │ Activity │ │ Company │ │
│ │& Schedules│ │ Storage │ │ & Events │ │Portability│ │
│ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
┌─────┴─────┐ ┌─────┴─────┐ ┌─────┴─────┐ ┌─────┴─────┐
│ Claude │ │ Codex │ │ CLI │ │ HTTP/web │
│ Code │ │ │ │ agents │ │ bots │
└───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘
The Systems
|
Identity & Access — Two deployment modes (trusted local or authenticated), board users, agent API keys, short-lived run JWTs, company memberships, invite flows, and OpenClaw onboarding. Every mutating request is traced to an actor. |
Org Chart & Agents — Agents have roles, titles, reporting lines, permissions, and budgets. Adapter examples match the diagram: Claude Code, Codex, CLI agents such as Cursor/Gemini/bash, HTTP/webhook bots such as OpenClaw, and external adapter plugins. If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired. |
|
Work & Task System — Issues carry company/project/goal/parent links, atomic checkout with execution locks, first-class blocker dependencies, comments, documents, attachments, work products, labels, and inbox state. No double-work, no lost context. |
Heartbeat Execution — DB-backed wakeup queue with coalescing, budget checks, workspace resolution, secret injection, skill loading, and adapter invocation. Runs produce structured logs, cost events, session state, and audit trails. Recovery handles orphaned runs automatically. |
|
Workspaces & Runtime — Project workspaces, isolated execution workspaces (git worktrees, operator branches), and runtime services (dev servers, preview URLs). Agents work in the right directory with the right context every time. |
Governance & Approvals — Board approval workflows, execution policies with review/approval stages, decision tracking, budget hard-stops, agent pause/resume/terminate, and full audit logging. Nothing ships without your sign-off. |
|
Budget & Cost Control — Token and cost tracking by company, agent, project, goal, issue, provider, and model. Scoped budget policies with warning thresholds and hard stops. Overspend pauses agents and cancels queued work automatically. |
Routines & Schedules — Recurring tasks with cron, webhook, and API triggers. Concurrency and catch-up policies. Each routine execution creates a tracked issue and wakes the assigned agent — no manual kick-offs needed. |
|
Plugins — Instance-wide plugin system with out-of-process workers, capability-gated host services, job scheduling, tool exposure, and UI contributions. Extend Paperclip without forking it. |
Secrets & Storage — Instance and company secrets, encrypted local storage, provider-backed object storage, attachments, and work products. Sensitive values stay out of prompts unless a scoped run explicitly needs them. |
|
Activity & Events — Mutating actions, heartbeat state changes, cost events, approvals, comments, and work products are recorded as durable activity so operators can audit what happened and why. |
Company Portability — Export and import entire organizations — agents, skills, projects, routines, and issues — with secret scrubbing and collision handling. One deployment, many companies, complete data isolation. |
What Paperclip is not
| Not a chatbot. | Agents have jobs, not chat windows. |
| Not an agent framework. | We don't tell you how to build agents. We tell you how to run a company made of them. |
| Not a workflow builder. | No drag-and-drop pipelines. Paperclip models companies — with org charts, goals, budgets, and governance. |
| Not a prompt manager. | Agents bring their own prompts, models, and runtimes. Paperclip manages the organization they work in. |
| Not a single-agent tool. | This is for teams. If you have one agent, you probably don't need Paperclip. If you have twenty — you definitely do. |
| Not a code review tool. | Paperclip orchestrates work, not pull requests. Bring your own review process. |
Quickstart
Open source. Self-hosted. No Paperclip account required.
npx paperclipai onboard --yes
That quickstart path now defaults to trusted local loopback mode for the fastest first run. To start in authenticated/private mode instead, choose a bind preset explicitly:
npx paperclipai onboard --yes --bind lan
# or:
npx paperclipai onboard --yes --bind tailnet
If you already have Paperclip configured, rerunning onboard keeps the existing config in place. Use paperclipai configure to edit settings.
Or manually:
git clone https://github.com/paperclipai/paperclip.git
cd paperclip
pnpm install
pnpm dev
This starts the API server at http://localhost:3100. An embedded PostgreSQL database is created automatically — no setup required.
Requirements: Node.js 20+, pnpm 9.15+
FAQ
What does a typical setup look like? Locally, a single Node.js process manages an embedded Postgres and local file storage. For production, point it at your own Postgres and deploy however you like. Configure projects, agents, and goals — the agents take care of the rest.
If you're a solo entrepreneur you can use Tailscale to access Paperclip on the go. Then later you can deploy to e.g. Vercel when you need it.
Can I run multiple companies? Yes. A single deployment can run an unlimited number of companies with complete data isolation.
How is Paperclip different from agents like OpenClaw or Claude Code? Paperclip uses those agents. It orchestrates them into a company — with org charts, budgets, goals, governance, and accountability.
Why should I use Paperclip instead of just pointing my OpenClaw to Asana or Trello? Agent orchestration has subtleties in how you coordinate who has work checked out, how to maintain sessions, monitoring costs, establishing governance - Paperclip does this for you.
(Bring-your-own-ticket-system is on the Roadmap)
Do agents run continuously? By default, agents run on scheduled heartbeats and event-based triggers (task assignment, @-mentions). You can also hook in continuous agents like OpenClaw. You bring your agent and Paperclip coordinates.
Development
pnpm dev # Full dev (API + UI, watch mode)
pnpm dev:once # Full dev without file watching
pnpm dev:server # Server only
pnpm build # Build all
pnpm typecheck # Type checking
pnpm test # Cheap default test run (Vitest only)
pnpm test:watch # Vitest watch mode
pnpm test:e2e # Playwright browser suite
pnpm db:generate # Generate DB migration
pnpm db:migrate # Apply migrations
pnpm test does not run Playwright. Browser suites stay separate and are typically run only when working on those flows or in CI.
See doc/DEVELOPING.md for the full development guide.
Roadmap
- ✅ Plugin system (e.g. add a knowledge base, custom tracing, queues, etc)
- ✅ Get OpenClaw / claw-style agent employees
- ✅ companies.sh - import and export entire organizations
- ✅ Easy AGENTS.md configurations
- ✅ Skills Manager
- ✅ Scheduled Routines
- ✅ Better Budgeting
- ✅ Agent Reviews and Approvals
- ✅ Multiple Human Users
- ⚪ Cloud / Sandbox agents (e.g. Cursor / e2b agents)
- ⚪ Artifacts & Work Products
- ⚪ Memory / Knowledge
- ⚪ Enforced Outcomes
- ⚪ MAXIMIZER MODE
- ⚪ Deep Planning
- ⚪ Work Queues
- ⚪ Self-Organization
- ⚪ Automatic Organizational Learning
- ⚪ CEO Chat
- ⚪ Cloud deployments
- ⚪ Desktop App
This is the short roadmap preview. See the full roadmap in ROADMAP.md.
Community & Plugins
Find Plugins and more at awesome-paperclip
Telemetry
Paperclip collects anonymous usage telemetry to help us understand how the product is used and improve it. No personal information, issue content, prompts, file paths, or secrets are ever collected. Private repository references are hashed with a per-install salt before being sent.
Telemetry is enabled by default and can be disabled with any of the following:
| Method | How |
|---|---|
| Environment variable | PAPERCLIP_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 |
| Standard convention | DO_NOT_TRACK=1 |
| CI environments | Automatically disabled when CI=true |
| Config file | Set telemetry.enabled: false in your Paperclip config |
Contributing
We welcome contributions. See the contributing guide for details.
Community
- Discord — Join the community
- Twitter / X — Follow updates and announcements
- GitHub Issues — bugs and feature requests
- GitHub Discussions — ideas and RFC
License
MIT © 2026 Paperclip Labs, Inc
Star History
Open source under MIT. Built for people who want to get work done, not babysit agents.
